Neurodiversity is a paradigm, or way of thinking, that sees neurological functioning as inherently varied. In other words, there is no “normal” brain, and people’s brains can work and function differently. If we break down the term, “neuro” refers to neurology, or the study of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, and “diversity” means variety.
Therefore, this paradigm is about recognising that there are varying ways that a person’s nervous system can function. While, in medical terms, it relates to disorders or neurological conditions, there is a move away from pathologising disorders and embracing various ways of thinking and being.
In this article, we will discuss neurodiversity in more detail, provide examples of diverse neurological functioning, and share ways to create more neuro-inclusive environments.
What is neurodiversity?
According to Psychology Today, neurodiversity is the idea that “…neurological differences, such as those seen in autism or ADHD, reflect normal variations in brain development”. In other words, instead of focusing on what is “wrong” with people, this term advocates for a broader view of neurological functioning.
The neurodiversity paradigm encompasses all possible variations in how a human’s nervous system functions. When someone is neurodivergent, it means that their nervous system diverges from that of someone who behaves in a “neurotypical” way.
We need to understand neurodivergence so we can become more aware. With more awareness, workplaces can offer appropriate accommodations, and those seeking support can find it more easily.
Psychology Today points out that while some individuals on the spectrum can take care of themselves, some neurodiverse individuals may require additional support. Therefore, diagnostic tools can be valuable when used in a caring and compassionate context.
Examples of neurodivergence
Some of the most commonly discussed neurological conditions include the following:
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Dyslexia
- Tourette’s Syndrome
We have covered the first three in a previous blog, What are Neurodevelopmental Disorders?. Here is a breakdown of some of the most common characteristics of Tourette’s Syndrome:
- Motor tics, which involve bodily movements such as blinking, grimacing, shoulder shrugging or head and shoulder jerking
- Vocal tics including repetitive throat clearing, sniffing, barking or grunting
- Complex tics: motor and vocal tics can involve combinations of tics in certain groups of muscles or vocal expression.
Whilst there are commonalities to some of the ways neurodivergence can present, since no two neurodivergent people are the same, workplace accommodations, for example, may need to be tailored to the individual.
Characteristics of neurodivergent individuals
Becoming more aware of how neurodivergent people may express themselves or behave differently is essential for promoting neuroinclusion. For example, autistic people often engage in what is known as “stimming,” which is a natural response to stress or joy. Stimming can include hand flapping, rocking, or repeated vocal expressions.
Instead of trying to “correct” these behaviours, it is more helpful to focus on understanding how people’s nervous systems work. Stimming, for example, is often harmless and doesn’t need to be corrected unless the person is harming themselves.
It’s also valuable to acknowledge the many strengths associated with neurodivergence. A recent Forbes article called “Embracing the Strengths of Neurodiversity in the Workplace” lists some of them as follows:
- Attention to detail
- Strong visual thinking
- Creativity
- Innovation
- Problem-solving abilities
- Better memory
- Unique perspectives
The above article also mentions how organisations can benefit from these skills. However, it can sometimes be difficult for people to get hired if the organisation isn’t willing to support and offer accommodation for neurodivergence.
Considering the above, some ideas for accommodating neurodivergent individuals include offering a flexible work schedule, working from home and being aware of sensory sensitivities. For example, some ideas include using noise-cancelling headphones and being aware of possible sensory overload.
On a more practical level, there also needs to be a culture shift, which involves implementing policies that promote fair treatment and punish bullying. Enhancing neuroinclusion also requires revising the conventional hiring process to focus on skills rather than expecting employees to conform to a specific hiring profile.
How to create more acceptance and inclusion
Embracing neurodiversity requires the same approach as embracing all kinds of diversity. Learning more about neurodivergence and how it manifests helps break down any stigma and creates more inclusive social and workspaces.
If you’re interested in learning more, SACAP Global offers two online workshops that can help to empower you with the knowledge to embrace the neurodiversity paradigm in your own life, including the following:
- Unmasking Adult Autism: Navigating the Hidden World of Neurodiversity
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Early Diagnosis & Intervention
For those interested in neuropsychology, which focuses on brain functioning, the following related blog post, Understanding Neuropsychology and the Role of Neuropsychologists, provides more information about it and how to pursue a career in this field.
